Wednesday, April 22, 2020

Deriving formulas of distance, velocity and acceleration

Deriving formulas of distance, velocity and acceleration

First, we know the average velocity is
vˉ=ΔxΔt \bar{v} = \frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t}
Thus the instantaneous velocity is
v=limΔt0ΔxΔt=dxdt v=\lim_{\Delta t \to 0}\frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t} = \frac{dx}{dt}
If we calculate the derivative of the instantaneous velocity, we can get the acceleration. In other words, if we calculate the second dericaive of displacement, we also can get the acceleration.
a=dvdt=d2xdt2 a=\frac{dv}{dt}=\frac{d^2x}{dt^2}
Now we can use the formula(3) to get the formula of instantaneous velocity with component of aa, tt, and v0v_0.
v=adt=at+C v = \int a dt = at+C
The value of C in fact is v0v_0.

Let t=0,
v=C v = C
Thus,
v0=C v_0 = C
Now we got the formula of instantaneous velocity :
v=at+v0 v = at+v_0
The derivative of displacement is the instantaneous velocity, thus the indefinite integral of the instantaneous welocity is displacement.
x=vdt=(at+v0)=12at2+v0t+B x = \int v dt = \int (at+v_0) = \frac{1}{2}at^2 + v_0t + B
The calue of B in fact is x0x_0.

Let t=0
x=B x = B
Thus,
x0=B x_0 = B
So we had the formula of displacement:
x=12at2+v0t+x0 x = \frac{1}{2}at^2 + v_0t + x_0
From the formula(7), we got
t=vv0a t = \frac{v-v_0}{a}
Plugging formula(12) into the formula(11), we had:
x=12a(vv0a)2+v0vv0a+x0 x=\frac{1}{2}a(\frac{v-v_0}{a})^2+v_0\frac{v-v_0}{a}+x_0
Finally,
2a(xx0)=v2v02 2a(x-x_0) = v^2-v_0^2

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